Analisis Kinerja Struktur Gedung Beton Bertulang Berdasarkan Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) Menggunakan ETABS: Finite Element Modeling Approach
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Kinerja struktur gedung beton bertulang tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik struktur, tetapi juga oleh kondisi geoteknik tanah pendukung fondasi. Analisis struktur konvensional umumnya menggunakan asumsi perletakan jepit sempurna (fixed-base), sehingga pengaruh interaksi tanah–struktur (Soil–Structure Interaction/SSI) belum sepenuhnya menggambarkan perilaku aktual sistem tanah–fondasi–struktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh SSI terhadap kinerja struktur gedung beton bertulang dengan mempertimbangkan variasi kondisi kekakuan tanah menggunakan pendekatan Finite Element Modeling pada perangkat lunak ETABS. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif berbasis pemodelan numerik tiga dimensi dengan membandingkan tiga kondisi tanah, yaitu tanah keras, tanah sedang, dan tanah lunak. Parameter respons struktur yang dianalisis meliputi story displacement, story drift, base shear, gaya aksial, gaya geser, torsi, dan momen lentur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik tanah memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku struktur. Tanah dengan kekakuan rendah menghasilkan simpangan lateral dan story drift yang lebih besar serta menyebabkan redistribusi gaya internal pada elemen struktur, sedangkan nilai base shear mengalami penurunan akibat peningkatan periode alami struktur karena fleksibilitas fondasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh SSI perlu diperhitungkan dalam analisis struktur untuk menghasilkan desain gedung beton bertulang yang lebih aman, akurat, dan andal.
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