Agama dan Kekerasan: Model-Model Penjelasan Analisis atas Kekerasan Bermotif dan Berjustifikasi Religius Dalam Perspektif Hubungan Internasional
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Agama dan kekerasan merupakan fenomena kompleks yang sering dikaitkan dalam berbagai konflik global, terutama ketika simbol, nilai, dan narasi keagamaan digunakan untuk memberikan legitimasi terhadap tindakan kekerasan. Namun, kekerasan bermotif religius tidak dapat dipahami hanya sebagai akibat dari ajaran agama, karena terdapat faktor politik, psikologis, dan sosial yang turut membentuk fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model-model penjelasan mengenai kekerasan bermotif dan berjustifikasi religius melalui perspektif Hubungan Internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif dengan metode studi literatur (library research) melalui analisis konseptual terhadap sumber utama dan literatur pendukung terkait agama, kekerasan, serta politik internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga model utama dalam memahami kekerasan religius, yaitu model politis, psikopatologis, dan religio-kultural. Model politis menekankan aspek kekuasaan, konflik, dan ketidakadilan struktural; model psikopatologis menjelaskan peran krisis identitas, keterasingan, dan dinamika kelompok; sedangkan model religio-kultural menjelaskan bagaimana simbol dan sistem makna keagamaan dapat memberikan legitimasi terhadap kekerasan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kekerasan berbasis agama merupakan fenomena multidimensional yang terbentuk melalui interaksi antara faktor politik, psikologis, dan budaya, sehingga membutuhkan pendekatan analisis yang integratif dalam kajian Hubungan Internasional.
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