Analisis Statistik dan Strategi Mitigasi Gangguan Transmisi Akibat Sambaran Petir Berbasis Data Historis UPT Bandung Tahun 2021–2025
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Sambaran petir merupakan salah satu penyebab gangguan pada saluran transmisi yang memengaruhi keandalan sistem tenaga listrik. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan sambaran petir dan gangguan transmisi 150 kV PT PLN (Persero) UPT Bandung periode 2021–2025 serta mengevaluasi pengaruh karakteristik menara menggunakan Electro-Geometric Model (EGM). Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan data historis dan simulasi pada tiga tower representatif, yaitu T-047, T-032, dan T-018, dengan parameter Back Flashover Rate (BFR), Back Flashover Outage Rate (BFOR), Shielding Failure Rate (SFR), dan Shielding Failure Flashover Outage Rate (SFFOR). Hasil analisis menunjukkan rata-rata sambaran petir sebesar 158.942,8 kejadian/tahun dan gangguan sebesar 19,2 kejadian/tahun, dengan hubungan keduanya berada pada kategori sedang. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan BFR berturut-turut sebesar 141,4; 163,3; dan 121,6 gangguan/100 km/tahun untuk T-047, T-032, dan T-018, sedangkan BFOR masing-masing sebesar 74,90; 17,16; dan 4,64 gangguan/100 km/tahun. Nilai SFR sebesar 0,331; 0,942; dan 0,393, sedangkan SFFOR sebesar 0,324; 0,933; dan 0,387 gangguan/100 km/tahun. Total gangguan tertinggi terdapat pada T-047 sebesar 75,22 gangguan/100 km/tahun, sehingga menjadi prioritas mitigasi. Strategi yang direkomendasikan meliputi perbaikan sistem pentanahan dengan target tahanan <5 ?, evaluasi konfigurasi shield wire pada T-032, optimalisasi lightning arrester, serta inspeksi dan pemeliharaan berbasis kondisi, dengan prioritas inspeksi sebelum periode musim hujan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kualitas pentanahan menjadi prioritas utama karena nilai BFOR secara konsisten lebih tinggi dibandingkan SFFOR.
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