Efektivitas Hatha Yoga terhadap Penurunan Nyeri pada Pasien Osteoarthritis Lutut: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
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Osteoarthritis lutut (OA lutut) merupakan penyakit degeneratif sendi yang sering menyebabkan nyeri, keterbatasan fungsi, serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Hatha yoga merupakan salah satu intervensi nonfarmakologis yang mengombinasikan latihan postur (asana), teknik pernapasan (pranayama), dan meditasi yang berpotensi mengurangi nyeri pada pasien OA lutut. Namun, bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitas hatha yoga pada kondisi ini masih terbatas. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas hatha yoga terhadap penurunan nyeri pada pasien osteoarthritis lutut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada bulan Mei–Juni 2026 melalui basis data PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci "hatha yoga" AND "knee osteoarthritis". Artikel yang diinklusikan merupakan penelitian asli berbahasa Inggris yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2016–2026, tersedia dalam bentuk full text, melibatkan pasien osteoarthritis lutut, menggunakan intervensi hatha yoga, serta melaporkan luaran berupa nyeri dan/atau fungsi fisik. Setelah proses seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diperoleh tiga artikel yang memenuhi syarat. Tinjauan ini mencakup 319 pasien dari tiga penelitian dengan desain randomized controlled trial dan studi komparatif. Seluruh studi menunjukkan bahwa hatha yoga secara signifikan menurunkan nyeri pada pasien osteoarthritis lutut dibandingkan terapi konvensional. Seluruh penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hatha yoga efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri pada pasien osteoarthritis lutut dan memberikan perbaikan fungsi fisik yang lebih baik dibandingkan terapi konvensional. Hatha yoga berpotensi menjadi intervensi nonfarmakologis yang efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri pada pasien osteoarthritis lutut. Meskipun demikian, penelitian lebih lanjut dengan desain yang lebih kuat dan ukuran sampel yang lebih besar masih diperlukan untuk memperkuat bukti yang tersedia.
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