Perlindungan Hukum Investor Dalam Dekomisioning Pltu: Analisis Yuridis Dampak Kebijakan Transisi Energi Terhadap Investasi Sektor Ketenagalistrikan Indonesia
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Indonesia telah berkomitmen mencapai Net Zero Emissions (NZE) pada tahun 2060 melalui Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience 2050, yang menimbulkan tension antara kewajiban negara memenuhi ekspektasi sah investor dengan hak kedaulatan negara mengubah kebijakan demi kepentingan publik dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini menganalisis perlindungan hukum investor dalam konteks dekomisioning PLTU menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan analisis konsep hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka hukum investasi Indonesia, baik domestik maupun internasional, belum sepenuhnya memadai memberikan perlindungan yang memenuhi standar international investment law. UU Penanaman Modal dan berbagai Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) yang ditandatangani Indonesia mengandung landasan hukum dasar, namun implementasinya dalam konteks dekomisioning PLTU menghadapi tantangan signifikan. Mekanisme kompensasi yang tersedia saat ini belum memenuhi standar "prompt, adequate, and effective" dalam hukum investasi internasional, disertai ketiadaan metodologi valuasi yang transparan dan ketidakjelasan sumber pembiayaan kompensasi. Penelitian merekomendasikan reformasi regulasi komprehensif, harmonisasi dengan standar internasional, dan pengembangan mekanisme multi-stakeholder untuk menyelesaikan isu perlindungan investor dalam dekomisioning PLTU.
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