Volume
3 Number 8 August 2024 E-ISSN: 2963-2900 | P-ISSN: 2964-9048 https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp
The Relationship of Stress
Level With Premenstrual Syndrome
on Midwifery Students at AKBID Bandung
Triswanti, Nurul Herawati, Nurnisa Septiani
Department of Midwifery
AKBID Bandung, Bogor, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
The prevalence of STDs in
several regions in Indonesia shows different results. In South Jakarta, it
shows that 45% of vocational school students experience PMS. In Kudus, the
prevalence of PMS in Midwifery Academy students was found to be 45.8%. In Padang,
51.8% of high school students experienced PMS, while in Purworejo,
the prevalence of PMS was 24.6%. Differences in the incidence of premenstrual
syndrome (PMS) between women are usually caused by several factors including:
stress, increasing age, poor eating patterns and nutritional status. To find
out the relationship between stress levels and premenstrual syndrome in
midwifery students at AKBID Bandung. This type of research is analytical
research using a cross sectional design. The sample in
this study were all female students of AKBID Bandung, Level II Regular Bachelor
of Applied Midwifery Study Program, namely 48 female students. The sampling
technique in this study was total sampling with a total sample of 48 female
students. Data analysis used the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level
(α=0.05). There was no association between stress levels and premenstrual
syndrome (PMS) (ρvalue = 0.733). The other
factors of premenstrual syndrome include family history, age, lack of exercise,
lack of vitamins and minerals, too much salt consumption, drinking a lot of
coffee. There was no significant association between stress levels and the
incidence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This is because individuals who
experience premenstrual syndrome are not only caused by stress factors, but
also there are other supporting factors.
Keywords: stress level, premenstrual,
Syndrome
Corresponding Author; Triswanti
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Pre-Menstrual
Syndrome (PMS) is a collection of physical, psychological
and emotional symptoms associated with a woman's menstrual cycle. About 80 to
95 percent of women experience premenstrual symptoms that can interfere with
several aspects of their lives. These symptoms are predictable and usually
occur regularly in the two weeks before menstruation. (Sukarni & Wahyu, 2013).
According
to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescents are residents in the age
range 10-19 years, according to the Republic of Indonesia Minister of Health Regulation
Number 25 of 2014, adolescents are residents in the age range 10-18 years and
according to the Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) the range
Adolescents are 10-24 years old and unmarried. The number of people aged 10-19
years in Indonesia according to the 2010 population census is 43.5 million or
around 18% of the total population. Meanwhile, the number of teenagers aged
10-14 years in West Java in 2008 had reached 11,662,000 people.
Research
conducted by Youth-Friendly Health Services (PKRR) under the auspices of WHO in
2005 stated that the problems of women in Indonesia revolve around problems
related to menstrual disorders (38.45%), nutritional problems related to anemia
(20.3%), learning disorders. (19.7%), psychological disorders (0.7%), and
obesity problems (0.5%). Menstrual disorders are a major problem for women in
Indonesia (Damayanti, 2013).
Factors
that can cause Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) are stress. Research conducted by
Ilmi & Utari (2018), students from the Faculty of Public Health (FKM) and
Dept. Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia found that
at least 83.3% of female students who had high levels of stress experienced
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) with severe symptoms. Students at the Faculty of
Physiotherapy, Hasanuudin University found that 28%
experienced mild stress, 33% experienced moderate stress and some of them
experienced abnormal menstrual cycles. Research by Aldira
(2014) in (Ilmi & Utari, 2018), explains that psychological influence, the
sufferer's psychology can be aggravated by Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) (Aldira, 2014).
The prevalence of PMS in
several regions in Indonesia shows different results. In South Jakarta, it
shows that 45% of female vocational school students experience PMS. In Kudus,
the prevalence of PMS among Midwifery Academy students was 45.8%. In Padang, it
was shown that 51.8% of female high school students experienced PMS, while in Purworejo, among female high school students, the
prevalence of PMS was 24.6% (Pratita & Margawati,
2013) . The results of a preliminary study conducted
at SMP 1 Jasinga, Bogor Regency showed that of the 10
respondents, it was found that 80% of them experienced premenstrual syndrome, a
life full of stress and problematic relationships in general could be related
to the severity of physical symptoms (Rahayu, 2020) .
Data
obtained from a preliminary study on November 10 2022, to AKBID Bandung level
II students in class A, out of 10 students, a questionnaire was distributed
regarding the incidence of stress levels with premenstrual syndrome
. The results obtained were that all 10 students experienced
premenstrual syndrome . Symptoms vary from low back pain , dizziness, diarrhea, emotional to stress.
Furthermore, the results of measuring the stress levels of 10 female students
showed that 1 person had mild stress (10%), 6 people had moderate stress (60%)
and 3 people had severe stress (30%).
Based
on the description above, researchers are interested in conducting research
with the title "The Relationship between Stress Levels and Premenstrual
Syndrome in Midwifery Students at AKBID Bandung" .
RESEARCH METHODS
Research
is analytical because it studies the relationship between 2 variables. This
study aims to determine the relationship between stress level and pre-menstrual
syndrome in Regular Midwifery Level II students at AKBID Bandung.
The
research design uses a cross section (cross section) because the research data ( independent variables and dependent variables ) are
measured at the same time or instantaneously.
Based
on the data processing used, this research is classified as a quantitative type
of research.
Population And Research
Sample
1. Population
The
population in this study were all regular AKBID Bandung midwifery level 2
students, namely 61 students who experienced premenstrual syndrome and stress.
2. Sampling technique
The
sampling technique that will be used is the total sampling technique
, namely the entire population is used as the research sample, namely 48
female students who experience premenstrual syndrome and stress.
a. Inclusion Criteria
1) Students who experience
stress
2) Students who experience
Premenstrual Syndrome
3) Students who are willing to
become respondents
b. Exclusion Criteria
1) There were 10 students who
were part of the preliminary study sample
2) There is 1 student who is
on leave from college
3) There were 2 students who
were not present during the research
Research Procedure
The
Data Collection Method Uses Primary Data By Asking Respondents Questions That
Have Been Prepared In The Questionnaire, Which Will Then Be Answered By The
Respondent, Namely In The Form Of A Google Form .
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Data Analysis
A.
Univariate
Table 1. Distribution
of respondents according to stress level among female midwifery students at
AKBID Bandung
|
Stress
Level |
Frequency
(n) |
Percentage
(%) |
|
Normal |
13 |
27.1 |
|
Mild
Stress |
6 |
12.5 |
|
Moderate
Stress |
12 |
25.0 |
|
Severe
Stress |
13 |
27.1 |
|
Very
Heavy Stress |
4 |
8.3 |
|
Total |
48 |
100 |
The
table above shows that from 48 respondents, it was found that the majority of respondents with normal stress levels were
13 respondents (27.1%) and the same was true with respondents who experienced
severe stress levels, namely 13 respondents (27.1%).
Table 2. Distribution
of respondents according to the incidence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among
female midwifery students at AKBID Bandung
|
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) |
Frequency (n) |
Percentage (%) |
|
No
PMS |
36 |
75 |
|
PMS |
12 |
25 |
|
Total |
48 |
100 |
The table above shows that of the 48 respondents, 12
respondents (25%) experienced PMS, while 36 respondents (75%) did not
experience PMS.
B. Bivariate
Table 3. Relationship between stress levels and the incidence
of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in female midwifery students at AKBID Bandung
|
Stress
Level Variable |
Premenstrual
Syndrome (PMS) |
n |
|
|||
|
No
PMS |
PMS |
|||||
|
N |
% |
n |
% |
|||
|
Normal |
9 |
69.2 |
4 |
30.8 |
13 |
0.733 |
|
Mild
Stress |
5 |
83.4 |
1 |
16.6 |
6 |
|
|
Moderate
Stress |
9 |
75 |
3 |
25 |
12 |
|
|
Severe
Stress |
9 |
69.2 |
4 |
30.8 |
13 |
|
|
Very
Heavy Stress |
4 |
100 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
|
|
Total |
36 |
75 |
12 |
25 |
48 |
|
Table
1 shows that of the 48 respondents, 13 respondents with normal stress levels , 9 respondents ( 69.2 %) did not experience PMS and
4 respondents ( 30.8 %) experienced PMS, the same as respondents with severe
stress levels from 13 respondents . , as many as 9 respondents ( 69.2 %) did
not experience PMS and 4 respondents ( 30.8 %) experienced PMS.
Discussion
a. Stress
Stress
is defined as the body's response or response to various demands and demands
that exceed the limits of human ability . Stress is
also a trigger, both cause and consequence of disorders or diseases.
Psychosocial factors are quite important for stress to occur in a person (Rejeki, 2019).
Based
on the research results, results were obtained from 48 respondents, 13
respondents (27.1%) had normal stress levels, as well as 13 respondents (27.1%)
with severe stress levels.
Based
on the theory and research results above, it can be concluded that most of the
respondents experienced stress at a normal level and severe stress due to
activities that required them to divide their time between lectures and
memorizing the Al-Qur'an, but most of them were able to overcome this stress in
the direction of the positive.
b. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual
syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual
syndrome are symptoms experienced by women before entering menstruation. These
symptoms can include physical, behavioral and emotional changes
. Generally , PMS symptoms occur around 1-2 weeks
before the first day of menstruation each month. ( Geta,
T. et al. 2020).
Based
on the research results, results were obtained from 48 respondents, 12
respondents (25%) experienced PMS, while 36 respondents (75%) did not
experience PMS.
Based
on the theory and research results above, it can be concluded that the majority of respondents do not experience PMS, this is
because respondents can deal with premenstrual symptoms well, namely by
diverting them with positive activities by increasing worship and dhikr of
Allah SWT as well as organizational activities on campus.
1.
Bivariate Analysis
Bivariate
analysis is to find out data in the form of a cross table by looking at the
relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, using
the chi-square statistical test . With a significance
limit (α = 0.05) or Confident level (CL) = 95%, it was processed using a
computer with the aim that the author wanted to find out whether there was a
relationship between stress levels and premenstrual syndrome in regular level II
female midwifery students at AKBID Bandung.
According
to Ratikasari (2015), a woman will suffer from PMS
more easily if she is more sensitive to psychological changes, especially
stress. This stress actually has an interaction using
the hormone progesterone. Based on research conducted by Michel and Bonnet
(2014) in guinea pigs , it was found that progesterone
concentrations can decrease by as much as 50.9% after stress occurs.
Stress
is the most common cause of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), so coping strategies
for stress are an effective treatment. The role of stress in women with
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is to exacerbate the signs of premenstrual syndrome
(PMS) which has an impact on changes in mood and physical signs. If women are
grouped based on reported stress complaints, then the group experiencing high
stress is 3.7 times more likely to experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
compared to women experiencing low stress after adjusting for the influence of
biological, lifestyle and psychological variables (Deuster et
al. ., 1999 in Nazihan, 2018).
A
risk factor is anything that increases the possibility of somebody experiencing
some symptom or disturbance of health. Factor risk PMS between others History
of family members, Age, Problems health soul (Stress), Less exercise physical,
lack of vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin B6, calcium And magnesium, Too Lots consumption salt, Which easy cause
bloated And retention water in body and many drink coffee (Nugroho & Utama,
2014).
Based
on the results of cross tabulation, it shows that of the 48 respondents, 13
respondents with normal stress levels , 9 respondents
( 69.2 %) did not experience PMS and 4 respondents ( 30.8 %) experienced PMS as
well as respondents with stress levels. Of the 13 respondents
, 9 respondents ( 69.2 %) did not experience PMS and 4 respondents (
30.8 %) experienced PMS.
The
results of the Chi-Square test obtained results where
at the significance level 
= 0.05, value 
= 0.733 (
0.733 > 0.05) then H 0 is accepted and H a is
rejected, meaning there is no significant relationship between stress levels
and occurrence of premenstrual syndrome .
The
author believes that stress levels do not affect the incidence of premenstrual
syndrome (PMS) because of the evidence obtained in The
research location is different from theory, namely that respondents who
experience stress should experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and those who
are not stressed should not experience premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Even though
these results show that there is no relationship between stress levels and the
incidence of premenstrual syndrome , respondents who
do not experience PMS tend to have normal stress levels.
This
is thought to be due to other, more dominant factors such as Some theories
state that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs because an imbalance between the
hormone estrogen can also cause premenstrual syndrome (PMS). However,
premenstrual syndrome (PMS) tends to occur more frequently in women who are
sensitive to the hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle. There are other
factors such as family history, age, lack of exercise, lack of vitamins and
minerals, consuming too much salt, and drinking a lot of coffee (Nugroho &
Utama, 2014).
The
results of this study are in line with the results of research (Nazihah, 2018) showing that there is no relationship
between stress levels and the incidence of premenstrual syndrome ( value = 0.156)
. Incident premenstrual syndrome (PMS) type the symptoms Enough
varies����� And the symptoms diverse on
every individual, reason from Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) up to� this is not known for certain. A number of women, experiencing heavy categories, up to
activities are disrupted (NIH, 2014) in (Ratikasari,
2015). One of the factors that cause premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are physical
activity, stress levels, as well as sleep patterns. caused by stress factors
but there are also other supporting factors.
CONCLUSION