Volume 3 Number 6 June
2024 E-ISSN:
2963-2900 | P-ISSN: 2964-9048 https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp
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Views of Bumi Siliwangi
Dormitory Residents on the Need for the Use of Rainwater Reservoirs
Meta Nursyifa1, Hani Sundari2, Nazwah3, Syifa
Dinda Trisetiyani4, Monica
Safitri Ramadani5
1,2,3,4,5Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan, Fakultas Pendidikan
Teknologi dan Kejuruan, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]�
Abstract
The Bumi Siliwangi
Dormitory is a facility provided by the University of Education Indonesia with
a total of three buildings, including the women's dormitory building, the men's
dormitory building, and the men's and women's runaway building. This study aims
to examine the perception of dormitory residents towards the urgency of using
rainwater reservoirs in the Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory,
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI), as well as to find out the number of
clean water needs of dormitory residents, as an effort
to overcome the problem of lack of clean water due to water pumps that are
often damaged. This research method uses a descriptive method with a
quantitative and qualitative approach. Primary and secondary data were
collected from the Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory Building,
with the research subjects in the form of dormitory residents and dormitory
managers. The analysis of water needs is carried out based on urban water
demand standards. The results of the study show that the dormitory water
requirement is 18,352,200 liters/year, while the
clean water capacity produced reaches 78,840,000 liters/year.
Based on these results, it can be concluded that rainwater harvesting is not
needed at this time.
Keywords: Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory, Rainwater Reservoir
, Rainwater
Corresponding
Author: Meta Nursyifa
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Water is an essential necessity for all creatures on
earth, especially humans. The presence of clean water is not only necessary to
meet the basic daily needs of humans but also to support various other
activities (Artiningrum et al., 2020). According to Artiningrum et al. (2020), Indonesia has
significant rainfall, ranging from 2000-4000 mm per year. Despite its great
potential, the use of rain as a source of water is a challenge in terms of the
technology used (Marganingrum and Sudrajat 2018).
Rainwater harvesting is a method to stem rainwater
that flows over building structures, roads, or fields during the rainy season (Pathak et al. 2024). The goal is to
utilize the water for indoor and outdoor purposes (Silvia and Safriani 2018). The system
operates to direct rainwater through the roof of a building into a canal, then
collect it in a water tank, and drain it through pipes to a rainwater storage
area. The excess water can then be drained into the infiltration well (Artiningrum et al., 2020).
Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting
rainwater that is collected on the roof of a building and then stored����� to�������� further
needs. The resulting water can be stored in surface reservoirs or in storage
tanks (MAULINA 2023). The benefits of
this system include providing additional water sources, reducing stormwater
runoff, and supporting the recharge of groundwater accumulation (Ardana and Pamungkas 2016).
Based on the scope of its implementation, there are
two categories in PAH: the first includes rainwater harvesting techniques
through the use of building roofs, and the second through the use of storage as a means to collect rainwater
that flows on surfaces such as ponds, canals, and similar construction
structures (Yulistyorini 2011).
The difference between the two categories lies in the
scope of their implementation. The first category focuses on individual scales,
such as house buildings in a residential or urban area. The second category has
a wider scale, generally related to rural areas in watersheds or subwatersheds (Harsono 2010).
The advantages of rainwater harvesting systems
include: (1) Rainwater is the main source of all types of water, so rainwater
harvesting must be a priority in providing water supply. (2) Decentralized
management reduces costs and energy and increases flexibility and security in
water management. (3) Rainwater harvesting has a multi-function, not only to
collect and reuse rainwater but also to reduce overflow water and help
groundwater replenishment.
In level II areas, the roofs of houses and office
roofs can be used for rainwater collection areas. The potential for rainwater
harvesting can be calculated with a simple formula that takes
into account the amount of water that will be produced by a particular
rain in an area. However, losses due to evaporation or absorption from the tank
surface must also be taken into account. For example,
when calculating the roof of a house, you can consider how much the roof area,
flow coefficient, and also the amount of annual
rainfall. The result of this calculation is usually determined by the capacity
of rainwater in liters (L) (Meliana, 2023).
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia provides dormitory
facilities for students. The strategic location and proximity to the campus are
special attractions for dormitory residents because it does not take much time
to get to campus. The rental price given per three months is IDR 1,650,000.00
with a capacity of two to three people in each room. The rent provided is
relatively affordable when compared to the rental price in the environment
around the campus. In addition to adequate housing facilities, students living
in the dormitory receive direction to improve their academic, leadership, and
moral abilities (Ditmawa Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia n.d.).
According to the assessment Green Metric UI for
the Green Campus ranking, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia currently occupies
the 44th position in Indonesia, 100th in Asia, and is equivalent to the 500th
ranking globally (Devitama, Paramita, and Ardiani 2020). With this data,
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia should have friendly and environmentally
friendly facilities and infrastructure to support its student activities. One
of the campus's efforts to meet Eco
Campus with the implementation of a rainwater harvesting system in the
student dormitory of the University of Education Indonesia.
In the dormitory environment, there are challenges
that must be faced, including damage to water pumps that often occur and the
imbalance between the clean water provided by the dormitory and the water needs
of the dormitory residents. It is important to note that the dormitory is located in the campus area, so any disruption to the
clean water supply system that requires repairs by the campus also has an
impact on the comfort of dormitory residents. Taking into
account the situation that occurs, so that to overcome the problem of
clean water shortage requires an influential and competent approach. One of the
steps that can be taken is to implement a rainwater harvesting system. The
expected results of this study are that the urgency of rainwater harvesting
that utilizes the roof of the building as a source of clean water for dormitory
residents can be known.
METHOD
In order
to achieve the objectives of this research, a
descriptive method with a quantitative and qualitative approach is used. The
quantitative method was obtained from data collection, analysis, and
discussion, as well as conclusions and proposals according to the formulation
of the problems presented. Meanwhile, qualitative methods can be obtained after
conducting interviews. The object of the research used is the Bumi Siliwangi
Dormitory Building located on Jl, with dormitory residents as subjects in the
research. In the research conducted, the data collection method includes the
use of primary data and secondary data. The primary data obtained is in the
form of the number of rooms, the number of occupants, and the occupant capacity
of each room. Secondary data obtained is in the form of documentation of water
storage tanks and water management installations. The data analysis is carried
out by calculating water needs and the amount of clean water that the dormitory
is able to produce.
For people in level II areas, 120 liters/person/day of
clean water is needed, while for residents in rural areas, 60 liters/person/day
of clean water is needed (Suheri et al. 2019). Once the type of
area to be inspected is determined, it can be calculated (BSN 2002).�������
Because this research was carried out at the Bumi
Siliwangi Dormitory, the formula used in this case is to calculate urban water
needs:
QDS=ΣPd x 365 days x
120liters/person/day
Known:
QDS=Water
demand in urban areas (liters/year)
ΣPd=Total
number of dormitory residents
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
A. State
of Study Area
The Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory is a facility provided by
UPI with a total of three buildings, including the women's dormitory building,
the men's dormitory building, and the men's and women's runaway. The area of
each building is 3213 m2, with the number of water reservoirs (toren) in each
building being as many as four. The capacity of each reservoir is 3000 liters,
and in each building, there is one recible well. The available clean water is
obtained from reciprocating wells using water pump radar so that the water is
automatically pumped up to fill the town. After reading several relevant
articles, it was found that previous research was generally conducted in areas
that were already equipped with rainwater reservoirs. Therefore, this study
observes areas that do not yet have rainwater reservoirs by applying the same
theory.
Figure 1. Location of Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory
B. Water
Needs Analysis
In this study, the analysis of the water needs used
includes internal needs data for the Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory using data on
dormitory residents in March 2024 and the number of water needs used. The data
on residents of the Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory in March 2024 is 150 residents of
the women's dormitory, 98 residents of the boys' dormitory, 125 residents of
the women's dormitory, and 46 residents of the boys' dormitory, with a total of
419 residents.
In accordance with BSN (2002), analysis and
calculation of water needs can be described by the following calculations:
QDS=Σresidents
of the Bumi Siliwangi Dormitory in 2024 x 365 days x 120 liters/person/day
=
419 people x 365 days x 120 liters/person/day
=
18,352,200 liters/year
Figure
2. Water Storage Toren
C. Calculation
of the Amount of Clean Water That Can Be Produced
The amount of clean water
that the dormitory can produce per year is as follows: there are four tokens
per building, so the total tokens owned are 12 tokens. Each token is recharged
five times per day, so the total recharge is 60 times. With a capacity of 3000
liters per ton, the total water capacity per day is 36,000 liters. The amount
of water produced is multiplied by the amount of refill so that the total water
produced per day is 216,000 liters. If calculated per year, the amount of water
produced is 216,000 liters multiplied by 365 days, so the total clean water
that the dormitory is able to produce per year is
78,840,000 liters.
Figure 3. Water Management Installation
So, based on calculations, the Bumi Siliwangi
dormitory requires clean water of around 18,352,200 liters/year. By looking at
the condition of the clean water management infrastructure in the dormitory, it
is able to produce 78,840,000 liters/year of water.
Based on the results of interviews with 30 dormitory residents, it was obtained
that the clean water provided was able to meet the needs of dormitory
residents, while the obstacles that often occurred came from damaged water
pumps that affected the capacity of water that could be provided. However, the
follow-up process from the dormitory management was quite responsive, so the
dormitory residents did not have to wait too long.
The dormitory itself does not have a rainwater
reservoir because the dormitory feels that it is not needed. However, if in the
future there is a surge in the number of dormitory residents and the water
source produced is insufficient, the dormitory will consider installing a
rainwater collection tank with the note that the installation of the
installation is not difficult, able to support dormitory infrastructure and the
necessary funds are affordable.
CONCLUSION
From the results of the
calculations, the water needed is 18,352,200 liters/year while the amount of
clean water that can be produced by the dormitory is 788,400,000 liters/year.
From the results of the calculation, it was concluded that rainwater harvesting
was not needed to be made in the Bumi Siliwangi dormitory because the need for
clean water had been met. The suggestions that can be given regarding the next
research are to collect historical data on rainfall at the dormitory location
and calculate the potential for rainwater collection that can be harvested if
you want to use a rainwater reservoir.
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