Analysis of The Level of Compliance With Employee Safety Behavior at PT. X Uses
The Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) Method
Rahul Ibrahim Sangkala, Reza Atilansyah Saputra, Arya Dwi Saputra, Rayzhan Aditya,
Friber, Alessandro Natanael Iroth, Irsyad Hauzan, Anis Rohmana Malik
Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
Email:[email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected].
ABSTRACT
Behavior-based safety (BBS) programs are a safety approach
based on human behavior and social relationships in the work environment. This
approach aims to increase employee awareness, commitment and responsibility to
create a safer and healthier work environment. A behavior-based safety (BBS)
approach focuses on human behavior to reduce the risk of workplace accidents
and injuries. This research uses a qualitative approach that combines
observation and interview methods. This approach was chosen to gain a deeper
understanding of the safety behavior of PT employees. X and the factors that
influence it are observed directly in the PT work environment. X observes
employee safety behavior in real-life situations. Dangerous behavior is the
behavior of an individual or group of workers that can create a dangerous
situation in a work process. Implementation of security in the PT environment.
X has been around since the company's inception, but safety was only documented
around 2022. work without complete PPE. Employees in the company already
understand SMK3. Strengthen safety training, implementation and monitoring of
safety procedures, safety culture, risk assessment, effective incident
reporting systems, regulatory enforcement and discipline
Keywords: BBS, Unsafe Act, Implementation of Safety
Corresponding Author: Rahul Ibrahim Sangkala
E-mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION
Data from the International Labour
Organization (ILO) shows that globally 2 million workers die each year due to
work (Organization 2021). The number of fatal accidents is more than 300 thousand,
and occupational accidents account for 270 million workers. And as many as 160
million workers are affected by occupational diseases (PAK) (Stevianingrum,
2022). Based on data from the Ministry of Manpower (Kemenaker), in 2021, there
were 234,370 victims of work accidents that occurred throughout Indonesia
(Kemnaker, 2022). There was an increase from the previous year of 5.6%. The
five business sectors with the largest contributors to work accident victims in
2021 are trade and services, various industries, consumer goods, agriculture,
fisheries, plantations, forestry, and basic and chemical industries. Some of
the five business fields tend to increase during the 2019-2021. The basic
industry and chemical business sector ranks 5th with 12.1% during the
2019-2021, with 80,607 work accident cases. During 2019-2021, 64.4% of
accidents occurred at work, 27% in traffic, 8.2% outside the workplace, and
0.3% in other places (Kemnaker, 2022).
Behavior-based safety (BBS) program
is a safety approach based on human behavior and social relationships in the
work environment. This approach aims to increase employee awareness,
engagement, and responsibility in creating a safer and healthier work environment.
The characteristics of the Behavior Safety (BBS) approach include a focus on
human behavior in reducing the risk of accidents and work injuries, emphasizing
the importance of social relationships in the work environment, engaging
employees in the identification and elimination of risky behavior in the work
environment; and utilize direct observation to identify risky behaviors and
provide constructive feedback (Annamalai &; D. Senthilkumar, 2022).
Work safety is an
inseparable aspect of employee productivity and welfare in an organization (Anyango and Muathe 2017). PT. As a company engaged in remanufacturing,
X understands the importance of maintaining a safe and healthy work environment
for all its team members. However, achieving optimal levels of compliance and
awareness of safety practices is often a complex challenge.
To increase the level
of compliance with occupational safety behavior, PT. X introduced the Behavior
Based Safety (BBS) Method as a structured and holistic approach. BBS is more
about implementing safety rules rather than understanding individual behavior
and effecting positive changes in how employees interact with the work
environment (Moon 2024).
The importance of
analyzing the compliance level of PT. X to occupational safety behavior,
considering the various hazards and risks that can occur as variables. In
addition to providing an overview of the status of work safety at PT. X, but
also provides recommendations for developing more effective safety strategies
and programs in the future.
METHOD
This study used a qualitative approach with observation
and interview methods. This approach was chosen to gain a deep understanding of
employee safety behavior at PT. X and the factors that influence it, where
observations are carried out directly in the work environment of PT. X will
observe the safety behavior of employees in actual situations. Observations are
carried out systematically by recording various work safety measures carried
out by employees, such as using personal protective equipment (PPE), using
equipment according to procedures, and interactions between employees related
to work safety.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
HSE Interview Results
a.
Unsafe Act
Unsafe Behavior
is behavior carried out by individuals or in groups by workers that can result
in unsafe conditions in the work process. Unsafe actions can be actions that
violate work procedures that cannot be ascertained as safe, such as working
without wearing PPE that is in accordance with the dangers and risks of
workers.
b. Safety Application
The application of safety in the company PT. X has been
done since the company was founded. Still, the documentation of safety was only
carried out around 2022."The
implementation of new basic safety is carried out, such as TBM, safety talk and
accident reporting. Around 2022 in the form of a written policy. Such as
quality policies and liquor prohibitions", (Rini. HSE PT. X). Continue
to say (Rini. HSE PT. X), "P2K3
formed from 2021". In addition to the implementation of safety that
has not been carried out optimally, worker certification is still a problem
because some workers have not received a certificate but have received
training.
Occupational safety and health, or K3, is contained in
labor laws and regulations. Each company and its employees must understand each
other about the applicable standard safety procedures regarding the use of
personal protective equipment or PPE by their standards. If the proper use of
PPE does not accompany workers, it can cause incidents such as those of PT. X
i.e.
Incident: Finger pinched during material transfer to truck
caused by unbalanced position of workers, lack of coordination among fellow
workers and non-compliance of workers with the use of PPE.
In addition, workers found unsafe
behavior while working during observation. Unsafe behaviors found in workers
while working include:
1.
Doing work using milling
machines But not using complete PPE Such as
safety helmets, goggles, and wearpacks are not worn properly. According to
the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic
of Indonesia Number PER.08 / MEN / VII / 2010 concerning Personal Protective
Equipment, Article 2 paragraph (1), Employers must provide PPE for
workers/laborers at work. Article 6 paragraph (1) Workers/laborers and other
people who enter the workplace must wear or use PPE by potential hazards and
risks. PT. X has provided PPE by the occupational risks that exist in the
workplace. However, the worker did not use the PPE provided.
2.
Figure 1.1
Milling Machine Work
3.
Doing work using lathes
where workers here also do not use complete PPE such as Safety helmets, goggles and masks. Besides that, workers also do
work while smoking, which can potentially cause fires in the workplace of PT. X
has provided a special smoking area and installed no-smoking signs in the
workplace, by GOVERNMENT REGULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 109 OF
2012 article 1 paragraph 11, which states that a non-smoking place is a space
in which smoking activities are prohibited and so on.
Figure 1.2
Lathe Work
4.
The condition of the floor
in the workplace is still in the completion stage. The area around the work
floor is not equipped with warning signs or barriers, so the wire mesh
(reinforcing iron) is still visible and can cause falls or tripping when
passing through it, leading to accidents.
�����������������������������������
Figure 1.3
Floor Condition
Results of interviews with
workers
The interview was conducted with Pak Siswo Suroso, a
worker who had worked for three years at PT. X and has approximately 20 years
of work experience. Before the interview, Mr. Siswo Suroso made an overhead
crane.
Mr. Siswo's response to the interviewer's question,
"Do you understand the safety procedures required for this task?" was
that he already understood the safety procedures needed to carry out his
duties. He explained that before carrying out a task, he always consults with
his colleagues to evaluate potential risks. This shows that there is good
communication among workers regarding risk assessment and preventive measures
to be taken.
Pak Siswo also feels very comfortable when giving feedback
to colleagues about their safety behavior. This shows a positive safety culture
in the workplace, where workers support each other and remind each other to
always adhere to safety procedures.
When asked if he felt any pressure to complete the work in
a way that might come at the expense of safety, Pak Siswo confirmed that he had never felt such pressure so far.
This shows that the company he works for has a high priority on work safety.
However, Pak Siswo noted that although there is no safety training provided at
the company today, he has received on-the-job training before. This indicates
that his previous experience and training are helpful in ensuring he
understands and adheres to the necessary safety procedures.
Finally, Pak Siswo explained that if there is an incident or accident at work, always make a report.
This shows that he has a high awareness of the importance of reporting
incidents to prevent similar incidents in the future and improve work safety
conditions.
Overall, Pak Siswo showed a good understanding of safety
procedures and actively participated in maintaining a safe working environment,
although there were some areas that could be improved, such as the provision of
safety training by the company.
After conducting an interview with Mr. Siswo Suroso, we
got several answers that illustrate the understanding and practice of
occupational safety in his workplace. However, observations in the field show a
discrepancy between Mr. Siswo's statement and reality. Here is a discussion
regarding the discrepancy:
●
Understanding
Safety Procedures:
Interview: Mr. Siswo stated that he already understood the
necessary safety procedures.
Observation: In the field, we saw that although workers
understood safety procedures, they did not always adhere to them. Many workers
are seen not wearing mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE), such as
protective goggles and gloves when working with high-risk machinery.
●
Risk
Evaluation:
Interview: Pak Siswo explained that he evaluated the risk
in consultation with other workers.
Observation: Despite attempts to consult, many workers go
straight to work without conducting adequate risk evaluations. This increases
the potential for accidents to occur.
●
Providing
Safety Feedback:
Interview: Mr. Siswo feels comfortable giving feedback to
colleagues on safety behavior.
Observation: In the field, the culture of providing
feedback on safety has not been fully internalized. Some workers were seen
smoking while on the job, which shows a lack of discipline in implementing a
safety culture.
●
Pressure
to Sacrifice Safety for Productivity:
Interview: Pak Siswo stated there was no pressure to
complete the work at the expense of safety.
Observation: There is no explicit pressure, but there are
indications that workers feel rushed to complete their tasks, especially closer
to deadlines. As a result, they ignored some safety procedures.
●
Safety
Training:
Interview: Mr. Siswo noted that there is no safety
training in the company at the moment, but there was on-the-job training
before.
Observation: The lack of safety training is evident in the
field. Many workers seem to lack an understanding of basic safety procedures,
and the company does not organize periodic training programs.
●
Incident
Reporting:
Interview: Pak Siswo explained that he always reports
incidents or accidents.
Observation: Incident reporting systems appear to be less
effective. Some minor incidents are not well reported, and there is no
follow-up action to analyze the cause and prevent the recurrence of the
incident.
CONCLUSION
����������� From the
results of identification through the interview and observation process, it can
be concluded that many workers still do not comply with existing safety
procedures in the company, workers who immediately work without conducting risk
evaluations that can increase the potential for accidents, lack of
implementation of safety culture and ignore safety procedures when rushing to complete
tasks, lack of safety training from companies that are clearly visible in the
field Due to a lack of understanding of existing safety procedures, and the
reporting system for minor incidents is poorly reported and there is no
follow-up action.
Recommendations From the results of interviews and
observations, it can be seen that there is a difference between workers'
perceptions of work safety and real practices in the field. To improve work
safety, here are some recommendations: Enhanced Safety Training: Companies
should provide regular and comprehensive safety training for all workers,
including regular refreshment training. Implementation and Supervision of
Safety Procedures: Companies must ensure that all safety procedures are
strictly followed and conduct stricter supervision in the field. The
implementation of discipline for workers who violate the rules, such as not
using PPE or smoking while working, needs to be improved. Safety Culture: Build
a strong safety culture where workers feel comfortable providing feedback on
safety behaviors and encourage open communication regarding risks and
incidents. Risk Evaluation: Ensure that risk evaluations are conducted before
each task begins, involving all workers involved. Effective Incident Reporting System:
Develop a more effective incident reporting system where every incident is
recorded, analyzed, and acted upon with appropriate preventive measures. Enforcement
of Rules and Discipline: Implement stricter enforcement and discipline against
workers who do not comply with safety procedures, including the use of PPE and
smoking bans in work areas. With the implementation of these measures, it is
hoped that on-site work safety can be improved, thereby reducing the risk of
accidents and ensuring a safer and healthier working environment for all
workers.
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