Volume 3 Number
5 May 2024
E-ISSN: 2963-2900 | P-ISSN: 2964-9048
https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp
Analysis of K3 Compliance Level in PT X Using
Behavior-Based Safety Method
Alif Mulawarman, Ag Hael Woka Kemit, Ferlix Flenix Kawung, M. Abiyyu Putra, M. Nazar Katutu,
Mathias Novrian T.B, Joshua Reiner Hans Mesoino
Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
Email: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
Abstract
PT X is one of the companies engaged in transportation/freight forwarding
services. Transportation Management Services,
which are the concentration of PT X, are closely
related to containers where this work activity risks the safety and
health of work and can potentially cause hazards, ranging from the
loading-unloading process shipping to storage. Therefore, a study on occupational safety
and health (K3) is needed.
Container shipping service
companies, given several sources,
focus on developing facilities and technology to improve service
quality and operational efficiency. The facilities provided by container
shipping service companies include complete resting
places, other supporting facilities, and other
supporting infrastructure.
They also pay attention to price indicators appropriate to the services provided
and acceptable to consumers. This research uses the BBS method (Behavior
Based Safety), a proactive accident prevention effort focusing on dangerous behavior
that can potentially cause accidents. In
this way, BBS seeks to reduce work accidents by identifying and reducing unsafe
behavior by workers and increasing awareness
of potential dangers
that result in incidents and accidents.
Keywords: Behavior Based Safety, Container, K3
Corresponding Author:
Alif Mulawarman
E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Ports or companies not only need to provide
competent manpower or human resources
in a field but also need to provide adequate port facilities to ensure
fast and precise loading and unloading services. In the same way, when we talk
about existing facilities in a port that specifically handle container loading
and unloading activities, one of the facilities that a container port must have is a crane
that allows containers to be transported from or to ships and a wide stacking
field. Container Yard is a field for collecting, storing,
and stacking containers, where containers containing
cargo are handed over to the consignee and empty containers are picked up by
the freight forwarder.
PT "X" company focuses on container
transportation services in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. Therefore, one of the
efforts that can be made to reduce work accidents is to use the Behavior-based
Safety method. The interview results showed that the dangerous behavior of
workers causes work accidents that often occur, such as not using personal
protective equipment provided by the Company
and ignoring work procedures. PT "X" has implemented
PPE, SOP, and training for each process to minimize work accidents. Although PT
"X" continues to carry
out prevention, work accidents cannot
be avoided if worker behavior
is still dangerous in the
work environment. Unsafe actions may be the main cause of workplace accidents. According to Domino's theory,
eliminating or reducing
unsafe actions and behaviors
is the best way to prevent accidents (Haryanti [3]).
A Behavior Based Safety (BBS) approach can help reduce workplace accidents.
Behavior based safety adalah sistem
yang digunakan perusahaan untuk mengubah
perilaku dan sikap karyawan yang tidak aman. Menurut Straub (2005:32) dalam Saodah (2015:28), behavior based safety mendidik karyawan untuk mencari akar penyebab perilaku rawan kecelakaan. Hal ini menyadarkan kecenderungan perilaku karyawan
yang menyebabkan tingginya
risiko kecelakaan kerja.
Method
This activity was carried out at one of the companies
in Balikpapan on April 27, 2024, and the resource person was one of the employees of PT "X." The stages in interviewing with one of the employees
have been carried
out regarding the availability of K3 equipment such as PPE, K3 Regulations and Procedures, K3 Training, K3 Supervision, Communication between workers, Worker Competence, and K3 improvement efforts at this Company. After that, direct observation of the activities of
workers in the Company was carried out.
Results and Discussion
The results in this study are illustrated based on interviews conducted with the Company
regarding several questions, namely, company commitment, K3 regulations and
procedures, worker communication, worker competence, worker involvement, and
unsafe action.
Overview of the Company's
Commitment to the implementation of Behavior-Based Safety
Overview of the Company's commitment to implementing the behavior-based
safety system at PT "X" is:
|
NO
|
Components of corporate
commitment
|
Exist
|
None
|
Information
|
|
1
|
Provision of K3 equipment
|
Exist
|
|
There
is PPE that the
Company has
provided to the workforce
|
|
2
|
K3 Training
|
Exist
|
|
There is regular
K3 training.
|
|
3
|
K3 Supervision
|
Exist
|
Conduct K3
supervision on schedule
|
|
4
|
Dismissal policy of workers who are not by K3
regulations and
���� procedures�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
|
Exist
|
There have been no
layoffs.
|
Based on the results of observations and interviews
conducted by researchers at PT "X" Balikpapan, the results of the
Company's commitment picture were obtained consisting of 4 points, namely:
K3 equipment components are by Law No. 1 of 1970 concerning Work Safety
article 14 in point (c) and Regulation of the Minister
of Manpower and Transmigration Number PER.08 / MEN / VII / 2010
concerning Personal Protective Equipment in article 2. The K3 training
component is by the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of
the Republic of Indonesia
Number Kep. 261 / MEN / XI / 2004 concerning companies
required to carry out job training
contained in article
2. The K3 supervision component is by the Regulation
of the Minister of Manpower, Transmigration, and Cooperatives of the Republic
of Indonesia Number PER.03 / MEN / 1987 concerning the requirements of instructions and authorities and obligations of work safety
supervisory employees in article 5. The component
of the policy is the dismissal of workers who are not by the rules and
procedures by the policy because they do not dismiss workers who comply with
work procedures that can prevent work accidents.
Overview of K3 Regulations and
Procedures in the Implementation of Behavior Based Safety
Overview of K3 Regulations and Procedures in the implementation of the
behavior- based safety system at PT
"X" are:
|
NO
|
Components of K3 Regulations and Procedures
|
Exist
|
None
|
Information
|
|
1
|
The importance of K3 regulations
and procedures
|
Exist
|
|
Socialize
with workers every time there
is a new K3
procedure
regulation
|
|
2
|
Consistency in the application
of K3 regulations
and procedures
|
exist
|
|
Every day, checks are
carried out to carry out K3 procedures
|
|
3
|
Updating K3 regulations and procedures
|
exist
|
|
Updated K3 regulations and procedures by SOPs
|
|
4
|
Sanctions for violation of K3
|
exist
|
|
Sanction workers who
|
|
regulations and procedures
|
violate
regulations and K3 procedure
|
According to Somad (2013:
38), in his book, regulations and procedures can help workers remember important points in their work to minimize
work accidents. Some of the reasons for the need for procedures based on Somad (2013: 38) in his book are:
1. Workers need
guidance to do work with the correct steps to create confidence in carrying out
work. 2. The information needed is quite a lot to remember.
3. Important notes are needed for safe steps
to be worked out.
4. The need to
isolate systems and the locations that must be isolated is sometimes not clear enough.
5. Ensure every job is done the same way.
Based on the results of observations and interviews
conducted by researchers at PT "X" Balikpapan, a description of K3 regulations and procedures was obtained consisting of 5 points, namely: The important components of K3 regulations and procedures have been carried
out by the Company
so that regulations and procedures can help workers
to be able to minimize
work accidents. The consistency component of applying K3 regulations and
procedures has been carried out in the Company under study by reporting if
anyone violates the established K3 regulations and procedures. The Company has
carried out the component of updating K3 regulations and procedures, which must
remain in accordance and updated regularly and carried out by those
concerned and competent
in their fields.
The Company has carried out the
sanction component for violations of K3 regulations and procedures by
sanctioning every worker who violates K3 regulations and procedures to be by
the behavior-based safety program.
Overview of Worker
Communication in the Implementation of Behavior Based Safety
Overview of Worker Communication in the
implementation of the behavior-based safety system at PT "X" is:
|
NO
|
Components of
Worker Communication
|
Exist
|
None
|
Information
|
|
1
|
Provision of K3
information
|
Exist
|
|
Provide information to
workers
directly regularly
|
|
2
|
Provision of
work accident information.
|
|
None
|
Does not provide information on work accidents or
reports of work accidents that have been made.
|
|
3
|
Communication
with managerial parties.
|
exist
|
|
There is an office
at work to communicate
|
|
|
|
|
with managerial parties.
|
|
4
|
Communication with workers.
|
exist
|
Communication
with workers regularly.
|
Government Regulation of the Republic
of Indonesia Number
50 of 2012 concerning the implementation of the Occupational
Health and Safety management system, article 13 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2)
explains that information procedures must assure that K3 information and work
accidents are communicated to all parties within the Company and related parties
outside the Company
(government). The provision of information about K3 has been
carried out by PT"X" by government regulations regarding guaranteeing K3 information to workers. However, PT
"X" does not publicly inform workers about work accidents.
Based on the results of observations and interviews
conducted by researchers at PT "X" Balikpapan, the results of the picture
of worker communication consisted of 4 points,
namely: The component of providing K3 information is by Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012 concerning the implementation of the
Occupational Safety and Health management system in article 13 paragraph 1. The
component of providing work accident information is not by Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012 concerning implementing the Occupational Safety and Health management system, in Article
13 paragraph 2, where the Company does not notify work accident information. The
communication component with managerial parties has been carried out by the Company if there is something to be reported
or discussed with the manager. The communication component with
workers has been carried out by the Company, namely providing direction if there are unsafe actions
to workers. Workers
also remind each other about hazards in the work environment and
work together to prevent these hazards.
Overview of Worker
Competence in the Implementation of Behavior-Based Safety
Overview of Worker Competence in the implementation
of the behavior-based safety system at PT "X" is:
|
NO
|
Components of
Worker Competency
|
Exist
|
None
|
Information
|
|
1
|
Worker requirements or certifications
|
Exist
|
|
There are special
requirements to enter the
Company
|
|
2
|
Workers' knowledge of hazard risks
|
Exist
|
|
Conduct
socialization about the risk of
hazards in the
workplace.
|
|
3
|
Efforts to
improve worker competence
regarding K3
|
exist
|
|
There is training
for workers,
such as safety
|
The competence of workers towards Occupational Safety
and Health is often assessed from the knowledge, commitment, understanding, and
application of K3 regulations and procedures, as well as the application of K3
training results obtained while working in the Company. Workers with a good
level of competence can reduce the risk of danger of work accidents and can
help improve the competence of workers related to K3 (Davies et al., 2001 in
Andi et al., 2005).
According to the Regulation of the Minister of
Manpower, Transmigration, and Cooperatives of the Republic of Indonesia Number
PER.03 / MEN / 1987 concerning the requirements for appointment and the
authority and obligations of employees of occupational safety supervisors and occupational safety
experts, article 3 explains that to be appointed as an
occupational safety expert, they must meet the following requirements:
1. Has special skills
2. Have attended education by the Transkop Manpower
Department
3. Know the provisions of changing laws and regulations in general and the Occupational Safety and Health field.
Based on the results of observations and interviews
conducted by researchers at PT"X" Balikpapan, the results of a picture
of worker competence consisting of 3 points was obtained,
namely: The component of worker requirements or certification has been carried
out by the Company, namely providing work by their fields. The component of workers' knowledge about hazard risks by Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1
of 1970 concerning occupational safety, article 9 paragraph (1) explains that the management is required to show and explain to each workforce about the conditions
and hazards and what can arise in the workplace. The components of efforts to
improve the competence of workers regarding K3 by the Decree of the Minister
of Manpower and Transmigration of the
Republic of Indonesia
Number KEP.261
/ MEN / XI / 2004 concerning companies are required
to carry out job training in article 2.
Overview of Employee
Involvement in the Implementation of Behavior Based
Safety
Overview of Worker Involvement in the implementation
of the behavior-based safety system at PT "X" is:
|
NO
|
Components of Worker
Engagement
|
Exist
|
None
|
Information
|
|
1
|
Employee
involvement in the delivery of K3
Information
|
Exist
|
|
Two-way
communication in delivering K3 information
|
|
1
|
Reporting������ of
accidents������� or hazardous
conditions
|
Exist
|
|
Reporting to the
person
concerned������ at work
|
Workers cannot carry out their work correctly /
safely if they are not informed of the dangers, procedures that must be obeyed,
and how to work safely in their work environment. Good information delivery
should be carried out through two-way communication. The communication in
question is the delivery of information about K3 from management to workers or
vice versa (Somad, 2013, 89)
Based on the results of observations and interviews
conducted by researchers at PT"X" Balikpapan, a picture of worker involvement consisting of 2 points was obtained, namely:
The component of worker involvement in delivering information has been
carried out by the Company with the delivery of information carried out two-way
communication, namely the delivery of information about K3 from management to
workers or vice versa. The component of reporting accidents
or hazardous conditions has been carried
out by PT "X," where workers
can directly report it to the office located at the workplace. According to Somad (2013: 118), all workers are responsible for
reporting accidents or nearmisses. Nearmiss is a condition that has the potential for injury
but has not occurred injury or loss from the event.
Conclusion
PT"X" is a container shipping
service company. Based
on research at PT, "X" shows a better behavior-based safety approach. This is evidenced by applying 5 principles of behavior-
based safety, which are mostly
fulfilled. PT" X recommends that every small or major accident
be reported. This is so that workers can create occupational health safety for
each other. PT "X" in Balikpapan has made quite good efforts in
implementing the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) system. The Company's commitment
can be seen from providing K3 equipment, training, supervision, and dismissal
policies that are not by K3 regulations and procedures. In addition, the
Company has also implemented K3 regulations and procedures well, including
socialization, consistency in implementation, renewal, and sanction of
violations. Worker communication, including providing K3 information,
interaction with management, and communication between workers, also occurs
regularly. Meanwhile, regarding worker competence, the Company has paid
attention to worker requirements or certification, knowledge of hazard risks,
and efforts to improve competence through training. Worker involvement is also
seen through two-way communication in delivering K3 information and reporting accidents or dangerous conditions to those concerned at work. Thus,
overall, PT "X" has shown a strong
commitment to implementing BBS and actively involving workers in efforts to
prevent work accidents, which will positively impact occupational safety and health in the Company.
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