Ica Audia Putri,
Yifrans Sastra Wiguna, Rosita Hanna Sri Yuliani Boru Purba, Achmad Fajar, Ilham
Hidayat, Muhammad Rizky Ramadhan, Fitrah Hanan Zuhair, Anis Rohmana Malik
Institut Teknologi
Kalimantan
Email: [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
|
Abstract |
|
HYZ Company is a goods shipping and logistics company in the maritime
sector with a significant risk of work accidents, especially in the
Occupational Health and Safety aspect. The company has implemented a Behavior
Based Safety (BBS) program since 2011 to reduce the risk of accidents. This
program is designed to increase safe behavior in the workplace and reduce
accident incidents. Although BBS is known to reduce work accidents by up to
40-75%, HYZ Company has not conducted an in-depth analysis to determine the
extent to which the implementation of this program affects the level of
compliance with Occupational Health and Safety principles, including the use
of personal protective equipment (PPE), safe work procedures and other safety
practices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of BBS at HYZ
Company in the context of Occupational Health and Safety, focusing on
changing workers' behavior and levels of compliance with safety standards.
The results of this research can help companies strengthen their Occupational
Health and Safety systems and reduce the risk of accidents while promoting a
sustainable safety culture. With a better understanding of the impact of BBS
on Occupational Health and Safety compliance, HYZ Company can take more
effective measures to ensure worker safety and a safe working environment.. Keywords: Occupational
Health and Safety, BBS (Based Behavior Safety), personal protective equipment
(PPE) |
Corresponding Author: Ica
Audia Putri
E-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
Safety comes from English, namely
safety, and is always associated with the release of someone from a work
accident, accident, or near-miss. Safety theory and application study all
factors that can cause work accidents by developing ways and approaches to
minimize the risk of work accidents (Jensen, 2019). Safety culture is a concept that has a relationship with
humans, which has internal aspects that cannot be seen (mind), external aspects
that can be seen (behavior), and whose existence is present in a social context
(Tarwaka, 2015). Work accidents can not only cause casualties and material
losses to workers and companies but can disrupt all production processes,
damage the surrounding environment, and impact the wider community (Dwyer, 2013). Losses caused by work accidents in the form of economic
(such as damage to tools and machinery, building materials, medical and
treatment costs, accident benefits; accident compensation, reduced production
amount), non-economic losses (suffering of victims and families, loss of work
time, and temporary cessation of work activities) (Anzar & Kes, 2009)
Behavior-based safety, or BBS, is a
process that can create security for management and workers by focusing
continuously on attention and action for everyone and others and making efforts
to behave safely (Thurga Devi, 2022). Safe behavior can be seen in every behavior that workers
engage in. Many studies that behavior experts in many countries have conducted
show that the application of behavior-based safety techniques can reduce
workplace accidents by 40-75% in a period between two months to sixteen months
(Geller, 2001).
PT. HYZ is one of the companies
engaged in the marine sector engaged in shipping goods and logistics, with a
crude oil delivery capacity of around 4200 m� per day. This company certainly
has a risk of work accidents, so it is necessary to implement an effort to
reduce the risk of these accidents. One of the programs that PT has
implemented. HYZ has been a Behavior Based Safety or BBS program since 2011.
This Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program has been implemented for over 12
years, but there has not been an analysis of the relationship between the
Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program and the level of compliance with safety
behavior for each workforce.
Service is performing major
maintenance on an oil or gas well to maintain production (Pribadi et al., 2014). This includes tube replacement, new cleaning or finishing,
new perforations, and various other maintenance works such as installation of
gas lifts, etc. problems in oil and gas fields often occur are problems in oil
wells that can hamper oil well production so that fluid flow in the well will
be reduced (low file) or no flow at all (no flow) and the good service field
aims to relaunch production oil in these wells. The stages of oil well
maintenance operations certainly risk accidents or potential hazards such as
causing human injury, damage to equipment or structures, material losses, or
decreased ability of a particular function. The potential hazards that often
occur in oil well maintenance operations include hitting objects that are
lifted or lowered, being hit by falling objects, pinched workpieces, and
slipping due to oil stains. Efforts to reduce work accidents are to find the
causes of the risk of work accidents, mitigate potential work accidents,
conduct regular meetings for work coordination, update work guidance documents,
and certify personnel involved in work.
Literature
Review
2.1 Occupational Safety And Health
K3
stands for Occupational Health and Safety, a policy product used by the
government and business actors to prevent accident hazards at work and reduce
the risk of accidents arising from work (Setiawan, 2018). K3 applies not only
to the industrial world but also to the community, MSMEs, laboratories, fires,
electricity, and the scope of life. (Wiryawanti, V.E., 2020.)
2.2
Work Accidents
A work accident is an undesirable
event, which is an unwanted/unexpected, unexpected event that occurs in an
employment relationship and results in losses in the form of injury to workers,
product damage, or loss of time in the production process; it is an accidental
event (Kawatu, 2022). The indirect impact of work accidents is manifested in
the form of psychological and psychosocial impacts on workers, such as fear and
anxiety (Gandhi et al., 2024). Fatigue is centrally controlled by the brain, including
the sympathetic activation and parasympathetic inhibitory systems (Karthikeyan et al., 2024). According to the Decree of the Minister of Manpower and
Immigration of the Republic of Indonesia KEP 150 / MEN / 1999 Year 1999
concerning Labor Social Security, industrial accidents are occupational
accidents including diseases caused by labor-management relations such as: This
includes accidents that occur on ordinary or natural roads on the way from home
to work or on the way home.
2.3
Work Behavior
Personal Protective Equipment is a
worker's equipment used while working, in order to avoid work accidents (Gattuso, 2021). Worker compliance with the use of personal protective
equipment can prevent the risk of occupational accidents or diseases. Efforts
are used in prevention and mitigation during work accidents at PT. The purpose
of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of BBS programs in changing
employee behavior related to PPE use and employee awareness in the workplace ( C.B.O.P.P., 2018)
2.4
Behavior-Based Safety (Bbs)
Behavioral-based approaches to
managing occupational risks and preventing workplace injuries are reviewed.
Unlike the usual top-down control approach to industrial safety,
behavioral-based safety (BBS) provides tools and procedures that workers can
use to take personal control of occupational risks. Strategies that the author
and his colleagues have used for over a decade to teach BBS to safety leaders
and line workers are presented. In addition, conceptual models are proposed to
match individual awareness and behavior with specific BBS intervention
techniques. (Geller, E. S. (2005). Behavior-Based
Safety and Occupational Risk Management.
Reserch
Methode
This study uses a quantitative
approach to collect data on behavior-based occupational safety and health with
PT's Behavior Based Safety (BBS) program. HYZ. The quantitative approach allows
us to collect statistically measurable data and analyze the relationships
between the variables studied.
Results
And Discussion
From the results of questionnaires
obtained from 30 respondents, respondents were taken from all employees from
all departments in PT. HYZ. All employees at PT HYZ follow the Behavior Based
Safety (BBS) program implemented in the company so that all employees in
various departments can participate in this research. Data from respondents has
a very large contribution in this study so that it can display certain
characteristics of respondents and explain the study results. The
characteristics taken are workers who have an age range from 25-55 years and
work for 2 to 3 years.
Tabel 1 Respondent's Gender
|
Gender |
Sum |
% |
|
Man |
28
Person |
93.3
% |
|
Woman |
2� Person |
6.7
% |
|
Total |
30� Person |
100
% |
Table 2 Age of Respondents
|
Range
Age |
Sum |
% |
|
25-30 year |
9 Person |
30 % |
|
31-35 year |
9 Person |
30 % |
|
36-40 year |
5 Person |
17 % |
|
41-45 year |
5 Person |
17 % |
|
46-50 year |
1 Person |
3 % |
|
51-55 year |
1 Person |
3 % |
|
Sum |
30 Person |
100 % |
Table 3 Descriptive Variable Analysis
X1
|
NO |
Question Item X1 |
agree |
netral |
disagree |
Total |
Mean |
|||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||
|
f |
% |
f |
% |
f |
% |
||||
|
1 |
Safety in the workplace is taken seriously by management. |
29 |
96% |
1 |
4% |
0 |
0% |
30 |
1.03 |
|
2 |
Coworkers care about safety at work. |
15 |
50% |
15 |
50% |
0 |
0% |
30 |
1.50 |
|
3 |
Good safety measures in the workplace can reduce the risk
of injury or accident. |
24 |
80% |
6 |
20% |
0 |
0% |
30 |
1.20 |
|
4 |
Workers use appropriate personal protective equipment
(PPE). |
18 |
60% |
12 |
40% |
0 |
0% |
30 |
1.40 |
Table 4 Descriptive Variable
Analysis X2
|
NO |
Question
Item X1 |
agree |
netral |
disagree |
Total |
Mean |
|||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
|||||||
|
f |
% |
f |
% |
f |
% |
||||
|
1 |
Workers adhere to safety
procedures when working with risky machinery or equipment. |
29 |
96% |
1 |
4% |
0 |
0% |
30 |
1.03 |
|
2 |
Workers report potential hazards
or safety incidents to management |
4 |
14% |
16 |
54% |
10 |
32% |
30 |
2.20 |
|
3 |
Workers consider safety a priority
on the job |
27 |
90% |
3 |
10% |
0 |
0% |
30 |
1.10 |
|
4 |
Workers have sufficient knowledge
of safety procedures in the workplace |
30 |
100% |
0 |
10% |
0 |
0% |
30 |
1.00 |
Table 5 Descriptive Variable
Analysis Y
|
Variable |
Range |
Sum |
Total |
Mean |
|
Age |
25-30 year |
9 person |
30 person |
35.43 year |
|
31-35 year |
9 person |
|||
|
36-40 year |
5 person |
|||
|
41-45 year |
5 person |
|||
|
46-50 year |
1 person |
|||
|
51-55 year |
1 person |
Table 6 Reliability Test Results
|
Variable |
Reliability
Test |
Information |
|
X1 |
89% |
Reliabel |
|
X2 |
81% |
Reliabel |
|
Y |
73% |
Reliabel |
|
Variable |
Reliability
Test |
Information |
|
X1 |
89% |
Reliabel |
|
X2 |
81% |
Reliabel |
|
Y |
73% |
Reliabel |
The reliability test results of the variable X1 obtained are
declared reliable with the value of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient It can be
concluded that the statements in the variable questionnaire used by researchers
are reliable because the reliability test results were obtained at 0.892>0.60
or 89%
Table 7 Data Normality Test
|
Mean |
1.78 |
|
Std. Deviation |
0.516 |
|
Absolute |
0.021 |
|
Positive |
0.021 |
|
Negative |
-0.012 |
|
Test Statistic |
0.021 |
|
Sig |
0.42 |
After conducting a reliability test of the existing data,
calculations are then carried out to find out whether the data that has been
obtained is distributed normally. From the data normality test, the mean is
1.78, and the standard deviation is 0.516. The value obtained on Asymp. Sig
(2-tailed) is 0.42. Terms of Asymp. Sig is 0.05, and the value is greater than
0.05. Then it can be concluded that the data is distributed normally.
Table 8 Results of the Direct
Relationship Hypothesis Test
|
|
Relationship |
P |
Sig |
|
Direct Effect |
BBS Towards Age Program |
p1= 0,311 |
sig= 0.0012<0.005 (Significant) |
|
|
The degree of compliance with
occupational safety behavior |
p2=0.473 |
sig=0.003<0.005 (Significant) |
In the table above, the regression coefficient p1 is
positive 0.311, the relationship between the BBS program (X1) is obtained
positively related to age (Y). If the value is positive, then if the value of
X1 increases in line with the variable Y which increases. With a significant
value of 0.0012, which is less than 0.005, the relationship between X1 and Y is
real or meaningful, and significant means (Ha is accepted).� Then, the relationship between the level of
compliance with occupational safety behavior is positive 0.473, which means it
has a positive relationship. So the increasing level of compliance is in line
with work safety behavior. with a significant value that can be obtained is
0.003, which means less than 0.005, which means the relationship between the
two is real and (Ha is accepted).
Table 9 Results of the Indirect
Relationship Hypothesis Test
|
|
Relationship |
P |
|
Indirect Relationships (indirect
Effect) |
BBS Program on Work Safety
through Compliance Level |
p1*p2 = 0.311*0.473 =0.147 |
From
the table above, the relationship P1 is 0.311 and P2 is 0.473, so the indirect
relationship is P1xP2 = 0.147. From this, it is concluded that the relationship
between the BBS program and age is in line with the level of worker compliance.
From this, it is concluded that the BBs program is in line
with the age of workers, where older workers with more work experience have a higher
level of understanding of the BBS program. The level of program compliance is
also in line with the existence of this BBs program. because it can be seen
from the existing BBS program that employees can understand the level of
security around their workplace. The BBS program is able to increase the level
of employee compliance. If the employee has a positive attitude towards
compliance with work safety procedures to comply with such procedures, then
most likely, he will have high intentions to comply with work safety
procedures. Safety compliance includes safety operation regulations during work
activities, carrying out safety instructions for personnel, and actively
cooperating with daily safety inspections (Bal, 2023).
The company itself has provided training places with
supplies on worker safety and how existing procedures do not have a high risk.
Leaders in each division have also reported workplace accidents. So it can be
concluded that at PT. HYZ has run the BBS program well.
Conclusion
The results showed that there was a positive and significant
relationship between BBS Program and age. This shows that the higher or
increasing the BBS Program is in line with the increasing age of the existing
workers. The results showed that there was a positive and significant
relationship between the BBS Program and employee Safety Behavior. This shows
that the higher or increasing this BBS Program, the more Employee Safety
Behavior will increase. The results showed that the effect of the BBS Program
on employee safety behavior is a direct influence (not through the Compliance
Level). Therefore, the Compliance Level intervening does not mediate (does not
mediate) the effect of the BBS Program on employee Safety Behavior.
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