INCIDENCE OF GASTRITIS WITH EROSIVE GASTRITIS AT
ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL
Tabitha Azzahra
Indra P1, Erwin Sopacua2, Fiska Maya Wardhani M. Biomed3
Prima Indonesia
University
Email:
[email protected]1, [email protected]2,
[email protected]3
|
Abstract |
|
Gastritis is inflammation or bleeding mucosa in
the stomach that can be acute and chronic. Erosive gastritis can cause
erosion stomach Because it damages the mucosa of the stomach, which can
happen when you drink alcohol, take NSAIDs, stress, or drink coffee.
Complications from erosive gastritis that are not treated can develop with
age, starting from puberty until age. Based on the explanation background
above, formulation problems in research This is incidence gastritis with
erosive gastritis. General objectives of the research This is to know the
incidence of gastritis with erosive gastritis. For RSU, Adam Malik Medan's
Research results can give donation mind and increase service health to
patients with erosive gastritis. Research results show that most gastritis
patients at Adam Malik Hospital are aged 10-25, and categories aged 55-65
(24.6%). Research results show that patients with erosive gastritis at Adam
Malik Hospital mucosa hyperemia (59%). Research results show a significant
relationship between gastritis and erosive gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital
(p0.000). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that: 1. Age
Most gastritis patients at Adam Malik Hospital are aged 10-25 and categories
aged 55-65 years (24.6%). 2. Majority of various types of patients sex female
(57.4%) 3. Patients diagnosed with gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital (59%) 4.
Patients with erosive gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital have mucosa hyperemia
(59%) 5. There is a significant relationship between gastritis and erosive
gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital (p0.000). Keywords: Gastritis,
Erosive Gastritis, Acute, Chronic. |
Gastritis is a condition of
inflammation or bleeding of the gastric mucosa, which can be acute and chronic (Sepdianto
et al., 2022). Gastritis is caused by three main factors, namely
Helicobacter pylori infection, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs), and stress-related muscle damage (SRMD). People generally know
gastritis as ulcer disease; gastritis occurs at all ages, from children,
teenagers, and adults to the elderly (Jannah,
2020). Gastritis can interfere with
daily activities because sufferers feel pain and discomfort in the stomach (Nur, 2021).
Many gastritis sufferers start
from being too busy, which results in someone forgetting to eat (Sepdianto et
al., 2022). Sometimes, gastritis symptoms
are initially ignored, even though if the gastritis is left untreated, serious
complications can occur (Sepdianto
et al., 2022). In general, the causes of
gastritis are divided into internal factors, namely conditions that trigger the
excessive release of stomach acid and external substances that cause irritation
and infection (Handayani
& Thomy, 2018).
Symptoms of gastritis, apart from
the pain in the solar plexus area, are nausea, vomiting, weakness, bloating and
feeling short of breath, decreased appetite, pale face, increased body
temperature, cold sweat, dizziness or always belching and in more severe
conditions you can vomit. blood (Yusfar
& Ariyanti, 2019). In general, the causes of
gastritis are divided into internal factors, namely conditions that trigger
excessive gastric acid production and external substances that cause irritation
and infection.
Some of the risk factors for
gastritis are using aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, infection
with Helicobacter pylori germs, having a habit of drinking alcohol, having a
smoking habit, often experiencing stress, eating habits, namely irregular meal
times, and eating too much spicy food. and acid (Yusfar &
Ariyanti, 2019). Meanwhile, according to
Ardiansyah, the causes of Gatritis are consuming digitalis chemical drugs
(acetaminophen/aspirin, corticosteroids), alcohol consumption, radiation
therapy, bile reflux, corrosive substances (vinegar, pepper), stress or
pressure conditions, infections by bacteria Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia
coli, salmonella and others, use of antibiotics, fungi from candida species
(Histoplasma capsulated, and mukonaceace) (Yusfar
& Ariyanti, 2019).
According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), in 2020, several countries in the world obtained the
percentage results of the incidence of gastritis in the world, it was found
that the number of gastritis sufferers in England was 22%, China 31%, Japan
14.5%, Canada 35% and France 29.5% (Mustakim et
al., 2021). The percentage of gastritis
incidence rates in Indonesia, according to WHO, is 40.8%. The incidence of
gastritis in several regions in Indonesia is quite high, with a prevalence of
274,396 cases out of 238,452,952 residents.
According to Maulidiyah (2018),
in the city of Surabaya, the incidence of gastritis is 31.2%, Denpasar is 46%,
while in Medan, the incidence of infection is quite high at 91.6%. Based on the
2018 health profile, gastritis is one of the ten most common diseases in
inpatients in hospitals in Indonesia, with 30,154 cases (4.9%) (Mustakim et
al., 2021). Based on data from the
Palembang City Health Service, it is known that the number of gastritis
sufferers in 2019 was 63,408 cases, while in 2020, there were 52,936, and in
2021, there were 49,115.
Erosive gastritis can cause
stomach erosion because it damages the mucosal defenses of the gastrointestinal
tract, which can occur due to things like NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, coffee, and
so on. Untreated erosive gastritis can cause difficulties and affect people of
all ages, from teenagers to the elderly. Symptoms of SCBA bleeding include
hematemesis, melena, gastric perforation, hypovolemic shock, and death; this
may be caused by ulcer complications (Kumara &
Andriyati, 2023).
In Indonesia, bleeding erosive gastritis is approximately 25-30% (Kumara &
Andriyati, 2023). Based on epidemiological data state, erosive
gastritis patients with peptic ulcers in geriatric incidence are increasingly
due to 2 factors, namely, declined function in the stomach resulting from
degenerative processes and the use of drug NSAIDs, especially aspirin-controlled. So knowledge,
education and follow-up of different patient conditions are needed due to the
specificity of these conditions (Michigami et al.,
2017).
Types of research This is study descriptive
observational, research descriptive that is research conducted to know the
independent variable value, good one variable or more (independent) without
making a comparison or connecting with other variables, meanwhile objective
main study descriptive is described in a way systematic facts and
characteristics object or thorough subject in a way fast.
Research methods: A descriptive observational study
will describe some circumstances or unearthed problems through observations in
the field.
Place and time of research
����������� The research was conducted at H. Adam Malik General
Hospital, Medan, at Jl. Bunga Lau No.17, Selamat Tani, Kec. Medan Tuntungan,
Medan City, North Sumatra 20136.
Research time
Study carried out in June � July 2023
Research Population and Sample
Population is a whole
subject study. Population is the area of generalization consisting of an
object/subject with quantity and characteristics, certain conditions determined
by the researcher for study, and then withdrawn conclusions. Population in
research: This is a record of medical gastritis patients with erosive gastritis
seeking treatment at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan in 2022.
The sample
is part of the number and characteristics possessed by the population. The sample
is part of the number and characteristics possessed by the population. The
sampling technique used in this research used a purposive sampling technique.
Purposive sampling is a technique for determining samples with certain
considerations. The sample collection criteria in this study consisted of
inclusion and exclusion criteria.
a. Inclusion
Criteria
Gastritis patients
with erosive gastritis who have complete medical
records.
b.
Exclusion Criteria
Gastritis patients
with erosive gastritis who have incomplete
medical records.
Instrument Study
Research instruments are tools or
facilities used by researchers in collecting data to make their work easier and
the results better, in the sense of being careful, complete and systematic so
that they are easy to process (Arikunto,
2018). In this study, the instruments
used were medical records of patients
with erosive gastritis as the main instrument, then writing instruments and
documentation tools as complementary instruments in this study.
Distribution
Frequency Based on Characteristics Patient
|
Age |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
1-9 years |
5 |
8.2 |
|
10-25 years |
15 |
24.6 |
|
26-35 years
old |
4 |
6.6 |
|
36-45 years
old |
3 |
4.9 |
|
46-54 years
old |
6 |
9.8 |
|
55-65 years
old |
15 |
24.6 |
|
66-75 years
old |
12 |
19.7 |
|
76-85 years
old |
1 |
1.6 |
|
Total |
61 |
100.0 |
Table
1.
Distribution Frequency Based on Characteristics Patient
����������� The
table shows that the majority of patients aged 10-25 and the categories 55-65
years old, with 15 people (24.6%) and at least 76-85 years old as much as 1
person (1.6%).
Distribution
Frequency Based on Characteristics Patient
|
Gender
|
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Man |
26 |
42.6 |
|
Woman |
35 |
57.4 |
|
Total |
61 |
100.0 |
Table 2Distribution Frequency Based on Characteristics
Patient
����������� The
table shows that the majority of various types of patients are Women, as many
as 35 people (57.4%), and men, as many as 26 people (42.6%).
Distribution
Frequency Based on Gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital
Table 3Distribution Frequency Based on Gastritis at Adam
Malik Hospital
|
Gastritis |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Gastritis |
36 |
59.0 |
|
Erosive
gastritis |
25 |
41.0 |
|
Total |
61 |
100.0 |
����������� The
table shows that the majority of patients with a diagnosis of gastritis at Adam
Malik Hospital, as many as 36 people (59%). In comparison, the diagnosis of
erosive gastritis with the diagnosis of erosive gastritis was 25 people.
Distribution
Frequency Based on Erosive Gastritis Disease at Adam Malik Hospital
Table 4Distribution
Frequency Based on Erosive Gastritis Disease at Adam Malik Hospital
|
Erosive
Gastritis |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
Hyperemic
mucosa |
36 |
59.0 |
|
Hyperemic
mucosa erosive |
25 |
41.0 |
|
Total |
61 |
100.0 |
����������� Based on the table shows that there
is erosive gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital in mucosa hyperemia in as many as
36 people (59%) and mucosa Erosive hyperemia in 25 people (41%).
|
Erosive Gastritis |
||||
|
Gastritis |
Hyperemic Mucosa N (%) |
Hyperemic Mucosa Erosive |
Total N (%) |
p-value |
|
Gastritis |
36 (100) |
0 (0) |
46 (100) |
0,000 |
|
Erosive
gastritis |
0 (0) |
25 (100) |
25 (100) |
|
|
Total |
36 (100) |
25 (100) |
61 (100) |
|
Incident Gastritis with
Erosive Gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital
Table
5Incidence of Gastritis with Erosive Gastritis at Adam
Malik Hospital
����������� The table shows that the chi-square
test results were found p value = 0.000 (p<0.05), which means a significant
relationship exists between gastritis and erosive gastritis at Adam Malik
Hospital.
����������� The
results showed that most gastritis patients at Adam Malik Hospital were aged
10-25 and in the age category 55-65 years (24.6%). This is supported by Putra's
research at the Internal Medicine Clinic, Haji Hospital Medan in 2020 (2023)
showing that the largest range was in the 25-32 year age range, 42 people
(35.0%, 32 people in the 33-40 year age range (26.7%), age range 17-24 years as
many as 16 people (13.3%), age range 41-48 years as many as 12 people (10.0%),
age range 49-56 years as many as 9 people (7.5%) %), age range 57-63 years was
6 people (5.0%), age range 64-70 years was 1 person (0.8%), age range 71-77
years was 2 people (1.7%) This age is included in the young and productive age
who are at a moderate level of activity and are experiencing changes in
lifestyle during college conditions, including changes in eating patterns
(irregular eating patterns). Excessive pressure and tasks in the productive age
will influence less selective eating patterns and affect a person's psychology (Putra & Wardhani, 2023).
����������� Research results show that patients who were female (57.4%).
Rosiani, Bayhakki,
and Indra conducted research in 2020 with the results that most patients
experiencing chronic gastritis were female, with 68 people (55.7%)
(Rosiani et al., 2020).
This research is in
line with this research, namely that the majority of patients were female, 71
patients (59.2%) and 49 male patients (40.8%).
(Putra & Wardhani, 2023).
This is the same as
the research conducted by Nababan in 2018, namely that most subjects
were female, with a
total of 65 people (46%). Raintung 2019 shows a correlation between gender and the
incidence of gastritis. In his research, women have a greater risk of
experiencing gastritis; this is possible because women often diet too strictly
because they are afraid of getting fat, eat irregularly, and women are more
busy with work, which causes them to eat late, which can cause stomach acid to
increase. Women also tend to experience psychological stress, which can
irritate the gastric mucosa because more stomach acid will be produced during
times of stress. If left untreated, it will cause gastritis. It can be assumed
that girls, especially during adolescence, will pay more attention to body
posture than boys (Raintung et al., 2019).
����������� Research results show that Patients diagnosed with gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital
(59%). This matter is supported by research
previously conducted by Jusuf (2022), which stated that The incidence of
gastritis was 63 people (56.2%). Gastritis is often referred to as an ulcer disease, namely inflammation of
the gastric mucosa due to irritation and infection, where the squeezing process
can damage the stomach if it occurs continuously. This causes abrasions and
sores, which result in inflammation called gastritis. (Jusuf, Adityaningrum, & Yunus,
2022).
����������� The
results showed that patients with erosive gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital had
hyperemic mucosa (59%). The study results showed a significant relationship
between gastritis and erosive gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital (p=0.000).
Erosive gastritis is inflammation of the stomach over a long period. It is
caused by chemical agents, especially the use of NSAID anti-inflammatory drugs
and coronary heart disease therapy drugs. Chronic gastritis can be confirmed
using gold-standard endoscopic and histopathological examinations. In chronic
gastritis, chronic inflammatory cell deposits in lymphocytes, PMN infiltrates
and glandular atrophy are found. Classification of chronic gastritis uses the
Operative Link For Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) in 2005. Chronic gastritis
therapy is expected to be comprehensive, starting from supportive management
and pharmacological management. Based on
epidemiological data, it is stated that in patients with erosive gastritis to
peptic ulcers in geriatrics, the prevalence incidence is increasing due to 2
main factors, namely a decrease in the protective function of the stomach due
to degenerative processes and long-term and uncontrolled use of NSAID drugs,
especially aspirin. So knowledge, education and follow-up of different patient
conditions are needed due to the specificity of these conditions. Decreased
immunological levels in geriatric patients provide an opportunity for H. pylori
to infect the stomach and have the potential to become a malignant condition.
Successful initial management at the level of erosive gastritis will provide a
good prognosis and reduce the risk of H. pylori infection (Ilhamsyah et al., 2018).
Based on the research results, it can be concluded
that:
1.
Most gastritis patients at Adam Malik Hospital are
aged 10-25 and in the age category 55-65 years (24.6%).
2.
The majority of patients were female (57.4%)
3.
Patients diagnosed with gastritis at Adam Malik
Hospital (59%)
4.
Erosive gastritis patients at Adam Malik Hospital have
hyperemic mucosa (59%)
5.
There was a significant relationship between gastritis
and erosive gastritis at Adam Malik Hospital (p=0.000).
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